What is HTML
HTML is an acronym which stands for Hyper Text Markup Language which is used for creating web pages and web applications. Let's see what is meant by Hypertext Markup Language, and Web page.
Hyper Text: HyperText simply means "Text within Text." A text has a link within it, is a hypertext. Whenever you click on a link which brings you to a new webpage, you have clicked on a hypertext. HyperText is a way to link two or more web pages (HTML documents) with each other.
Markup language: A markup language is a computer language that is used to apply layout and formatting conventions to a text document. Markup language makes text more interactive and dynamic. It can turn text into images, tables, links, etc.
Web Page: A web page is a document which is commonly written in HTML and translated by a web browser. A web page can be identified by entering an URL. A Web page can be of the static or dynamic type. With the help of HTML only, we can create static web pages.
Let's see a simple example of HTML.
- <!DOCTYPE>
- <html>
- <head>
- <title>Web page title</title>
- </head>
- <body>
- <h1>Write Your First Heading</h1>
- <p>Write Your First Paragraph.</p>
- </body>
- </html>
•Brief History of Html
Description of HTML Example
<html > :This tag informs the browser that it is an HTML document. Text between html tag describes the web document. It is a container for all other elements of HTML except <!DOCTYPE>
<head>: It should be the first element inside the <html> element, which contains the metadata(information about the document). It must be closed before the body tag opens.
<title>: As its name suggested, it is used to add title of that HTML page which appears at the top of the browser window. It must be placed inside the head tag and should close immediately. (Optional)
<body> : Text between body tag describes the body content of the page that is visible to the end user. This tag contains the main content of the HTML document.
<h1> : Text between <h1> tag describes the first level heading of the webpage.
<p> : Text between <p> tag describes the paragraph of the webpage.
Brief History of HTML
In the late 1980's , a physicist, Tim Berners-Lee who was a contractor at CERN, proposed a system for CERN researchers. In 1989, he wrote a memo proposing an internet based hypertext system.
Tim Berners-Lee is known as the father of HTML. The first available description of HTML was a document called "HTML Tags" proposed by Tim in late 1991. The latest version of HTML is HTML5, which we will learn later in this tutorial.
HTML Versions
Since the time HTML was invented there are lots of HTML versions in market, the brief introduction about the HTML version is given below:
HTML 1.0: The first version of HTML was 1.0, which was the barebones version of HTML language, and it was released in1991.
HTML 2.0: This was the next version which was released in 1995, and it was standard language version for website design. HTML 2.0 was able to support extra features such as form-based file upload, form elements such as text box, option button, etc.
HTML 3.2: HTML 3.2 version was published by W3C in early 1997. This version was capable of creating tables and providing support for extra options for form elements. It can also support a web page with complex mathematical equations. It became an official standard for any browser till January 1997. Today it is practically supported by most of the browsers.
HTML 4.01: HTML 4.01 version was released on December 1999, and it is a very stable version of HTML language. This version is the current official standard, and it provides added support for stylesheets (CSS) and scripting ability for various multimedia elements.
HTML5 : HTML5 is the newest version of HyperText Markup language. The first draft of this version was announced in January 2008. There are two major organizations one is W3C (World Wide Web Consortium), and another one is WHATWG( Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group) which are involved in the development of HTML 5 version, and still, it is under development.
Features of HTML
2) It is very easy to make an effective presentation with HTML because it has a lot of formatting tags.
3) It is a markup language, so it provides a flexible way to design web pages along with the text.
4) It facilitates programmers to add a link on the web pages (by html anchor tag), so it enhances the interest of browsing of the user.
5) It is platform-independent because it can be displayed on any platform like Windows, Linux, and Macintosh, etc.
6) It facilitates the programmer to add Graphics, Videos, and Sound to the web pages which makes it more attractive and interactive.
7) HTML is a case-insensitive language, which means we can use tags either in lower-case or upper-case.
Why to Learn HTML?
Originally, HTML was developed with the intent of defining the structure of documents like headings, paragraphs, lists, and so forth to facilitate the sharing of scientific information between researchers. Now, HTML is being widely used to format web pages with the help of different tags available in HTML language.
HTML is a MUST for students and working professionals to become a great Software Engineer specially when they are working in Web Development Domain. I will list down some of the key advantages of learning HTML:
Create Web site - You can create a website or customize an existing web template if you know HTML well.
Become a web designer - If you want to start a carrer as a professional web designer, HTML and CSS designing is a must skill.
Understand web - If you want to optimize your website, to boost its speed and performance, it is good to know HTML to yield best results.
Learn other languages - Once you understands the basic of HTML then other related technologies like javascript, php, or angular are become easier to understand.
Hello World using HTML.
Just to give you a little excitement about HTML, I'm going to give you a small conventional HTML Hello World program, You can try it using Demo link.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>This is document title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>This is a heading</h1>
<p>Hello World!</p>
</body> html>
Applications of HTML
As mentioned before, HTML is one of the most widely used language over the web. I'm going to list few of them here:
Web pages development - HTML is used to create pages which are rendered over the web. Almost every page of web is having html tags in it to render its details in browser.
Internet Navigation - HTML provides tags which are used to navigate from one page to another and is heavily used in internet navigation.
Responsive UI - HTML pages now-a-days works well on all platform, mobile, tabs, desktop or laptops owing to responsive design strategy.
Offline support HTML pages once loaded can be made available offline on the machine without any need of internet.
Game development- HTML5 has native support for rich experience and is now useful in gaming developent arena as well.
Audience
This HTML tutorial is designed for the aspiring Web Designers and Developers with a need to understand the HTML in enough detail along with its simple overview, and practical examples. This tutorial will give you enough ingredients to start with HTML from where you can take yourself at higher level of expertise.
Prerequisites
Before proceeding with this tutorial you should have a basic working knowledge with Windows or Linux operating system, additionally you must be familiar with −
- Experience with any text editor like notepad, notepad++, or Edit plus etc.
- How to create directories and files on your computer.
- How to navigate through different directories.
- How to type content in a file and save them on a computer.
- Understanding about images in different formats like JPEG, PNG format.